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Tag: religion

  • Against Philosophical Materialism: Health, Meaning, and the Reductionist Trap

    An argument that distinguishes metaphysical (philosophical) materialism from consumerist/psychological materialism—and critiques the former for its epistemic and psychological harms. Introduction “Materialism” often means different things in public discourse. On one hand, there is philosophical materialism—the view that reality is nothing but matter and energy, leaving no ontological room for mind, spirit, or irreducible consciousness. On…